Every year in October, people around the world recognize, honor, and celebrate the dyslexia spectrum with Dyslexia Awareness Month. In this article, we touched on the reasons for observing this month, looked at some official definitions of dyslexia, and highlighted the science of reading-based instruction that best supports students with dyslexia. So here, we’d like to focus on six helpful tips for improving your dyslexia awareness, in October and throughout the year.
Around 20% of the population lives with dyslexia, a neurobiological condition that impairs reading abilities. With respect to reading, dyslexia could be referred to as a learning disability, but with respect to many other things in life, dyslexia could be considered an advantage. Sometimes called a disorder or disability, other times called a gift or simply a difference, and existing on a spectrum, dyslexia is part of the brain’s visual, phonological, and language processing capabilities. Individuals with dyslexia often exhibit strengths like high intelligence, creative problem-solving, and spatial awareness skills, while they may struggle with identifying speech sounds (phonological awareness); connecting sounds to letters and words (spelling and decoding); and reading comprehension, accuracy, and fluency.
More than half of all NASA employees are people with dyslexia. NASA seeks out these individuals for their excellent problem-solving and spatial awareness skills.
Let’s set the record straight by debunking four of the major myths surrounding dyslexia:
Dyslexia isn’t a sign of low intelligence. NASA goes out of their way to hire people with dyslexia, who are often highly intelligent and effective problem-solvers. People with dyslexia process visual information differently than non-dyslexics, enabling them to be especially skillful when working with 3D and spatial information, which is why they make up more than 50% of NASA’s workforce. Children with dyslexia also tend to excel with understanding patterns, applying logical reasoning, and performing as critical thinkers when asked to solve problems or conduct analysis.
Students with dyslexia aren’t lazy or unmotivated. In fact, they often have to work even harder than their peers, since their brains function in a different way than non-dyslexics. Children with dyslexia may sometimes struggle to adjust to the typical classroom, but they tend to channel their curiosity and interest wherever they can and seek out ways to use their talents elsewhere, from music, art, or dance to science experiments, engineering projects, or inventing new tech. Many brilliant, famous, successful, and accomplished people have dyslexia.
Dyslexia isn’t rare. It’s estimated that 1 in 5 people have some level of dyslexia, and that number may be higher, since testing and assessment for dyslexia remain the exception rather than the norm. It’s also the #1 cause of reading difficulties and struggles.
Dyslexia doesn’t predict failure. While there may be no way to “cure” dyslexia (which is actually not a disease that needs curing but a different way of learning, perceiving, and interacting with the world that needs appropriate support), all students with dyslexia can learn to read successfully with time, encouragement, and the right reading instruction. Early assessment and intervention lead to the best outcomes, but it’s never too late for anyone with dyslexia to get the support they need. In fact, students with dyslexia are more likely to come up with innovative solutions, and there are many cognitive benefits to having dyslexia that can lead to great success if allowed to flourish.
Scientists are still learning new things about dyslexia and about the human brain, but dyslexia’s effect on reading difficulties seems to be due to differences in sound processing. Reading is a complex skill that doesn’t come naturally and must be learned; children with dyslexia function with brain circuitry that processes sound differently, and therefore requires methodical phonics instruction. When teachers skip phonics with the assumption that students will just pick it up naturally, they set students up for failure, dragging students with dyslexia far behind their peers and potentially leading to major problems in life. Children with dyslexia often suffer from depression and anxiety, as a result. This suffering is unnecessary: early interventions with Structured Literacy can help enormously, giving students with dyslexia what they need to succeed. With the proper instruction, most children with dyslexia can learn how to read at the level of their peers.
Utilize instruction based on the science of reading by implementing Structured Literacy and the Orton-Gillingham approach, following an individualized diagnostic teaching plan.
Help them learn to read in a way that’s aligned with the way their brains function. From using letter/sound flash cards to multisensory learning techniques, try any activity that engages auditory, tactile, visual, or even taste-based senses.
Keep any written instructions simple and ensure students understand anything assigned in writing.
Allow extra time for assignments, so students with dyslexia don’t feel extra pressure to rush their work. They may work very hard on an assignment and still struggle to complete it on time.
Maintain consistent daily or weekly routines
so students with dyslexia know what to expect.Pro tip: Give students with dyslexia extra quiet time, since outside stimulation can add to difficulties for students with learning disabilities. Students with dyslexia are already working harder with their brains to read than non-dyslexics, so anything that makes it harder for them to focus can be detrimental to their success. Allow them to go to the library or use a quiet corner to do their work. Eliminate external stimulation to help them feel less overwhelmed. Do anything you can to help them turn their weaknesses into strengths.
Share information about dyslexia and discuss it openly. Print out fact sheets about dyslexia for your library or school to share with parents or post on bulletin boards. Share helpful information on social media. Wear red on October 15, World Dyslexia Day. Volunteer for an organization that supports dyslexia or helps people with disabilities. Read for audiobooks. Donate money to schools or families who can’t afford intervention services. Attend dyslexia events. Engage in conversations about dyslexia with the people in your life; many people don’t even know about dyslexia, so you might help someone understand their children’s struggles better, or their own. Keep students with dyslexia (and all different or gifted young people) safe from bullying or intimidation and intentionally protect them from mistreatment or abuse.
Educators are the best people to discover early signs of learning differences like dyslexia. Early detection and intervention gives children the support they need to become successful readers. When educators recognize dyslexia-related problems, they’re empowered to provide extremely beneficial assistance when it’s most crucial. Look for things like: problems with phonemic awareness, working memory issues, inconsistent spelling errors, feeling nervous or anxious about reading, or trying to avoid reading completely – all indications that a dyslexia assessment is strongly advisable. In response to dyslexia detection, educators should do everything they can to support and encourage students with positive reinforcement, preparing them for success while implementing a range of necessary intervention techniques to help these children overcome many difficult obstacles with confidence.
During Dyslexia Awareness Month and all year long, depend on a reading program like S.P.I.R.E. to help students with dyslexia thrive.